Lagrange's Notation (prime notation)y′=f′(x), y″=f″(x), y(4)=f(4)(x), y(n)=f(n)(x)fx(x,y), fxx(x,y), fxy(x,y)日本ではy′をワイダッシュ,f′(x)をエフダッシュエクスと読むことが多いですが,英語では"y prime","f prime of x"と読むのでprime notationともいいます.2行目は偏微分の記法で,こちらはsubscript(添え字)を使うのでsubscript notationのひとつになります.
Leibniz's Notation (differential notation)dydx=ddxf(x),ddx(dydx)=d2ydx2∂f∂x, ∂2f∂x2, ∂2f∂x∂ydydxは"the derivative of y with respect to x"と読みますが,短く言う場合は,分数のように"dy over dx"とは読まず,単に"dy dx"と読みます.分数ではないのですが,置換積分のときに,dxdt=g′(t)を形式的にdx=g′(t)dtとして分数のように扱うことで式変形が容易になっています.
偏微分の∂f∂xは,"the partial derivative of f with respect to x"とか"the partial derivative of f in the x direction"と読みますが,"dee f dee x","del f del x","day f day x"などと短く言うことがあります.∂単独では"curly dee","rounded dee"などと言います
以上はよく使われる記法ですが,他にも次のような記法があります.
Euler's Notation (D notation or operator notation)Dy=Df, D2y=D2f Dxf, Dxxf, Dxyfこの表記は多変数の関数でよく使われます.例えばDxfは"D sub x of f"と読みます.
Newton's Notation (Dot Notation)˙y, ¨yこの表記はkinematics(運動学)でよく使われ,時刻tにおける位置をyとするとき,velocity(速度)を˙y,acceleration(加速度)を¨yで表します.
[Lagrange's Notation, Leibniz's Notation 問題]
Let x be the number of thousands of units of an item produced. The revenue for
selling x units is r(x)=4√x and the cost of producing x units is c(x)=2x2
a) The profit p(x)=r(x)−c(x). Write an expression for p(x).
b) Find dpdx and d2pdx2.
c) Hence find the number of units that should be produced in order to maximize
the profit.
(IB Mathematics Standard Level (Oxford University Press) exercise 7Y 5)
解答はこちら
[Reference]
IB Mathematics Standard Level (Oxford IB Diploma Programme 2012)
by Paul La Rondie, Ed Kem, Laurie Buchanan, Jim Fensom, Jill Stevens
Notation for differentiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_for_differentiation
The Notation of Differentiation
http://web.mit.edu/wwmath/calculus/differentiation/notation.html
∂
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%82
How do you pronounce (partial) derivatives?
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/120504/how-do-you-pronounce-partial-derivatives
以上はよく使われる記法ですが,他にも次のような記法があります.
Euler's Notation (D notation or operator notation)Dy=Df, D2y=D2f Dxf, Dxxf, Dxyfこの表記は多変数の関数でよく使われます.例えばDxfは"D sub x of f"と読みます.
Newton's Notation (Dot Notation)˙y, ¨yこの表記はkinematics(運動学)でよく使われ,時刻tにおける位置をyとするとき,velocity(速度)を˙y,acceleration(加速度)を¨yで表します.
[Lagrange's Notation, Leibniz's Notation 問題]
Let x be the number of thousands of units of an item produced. The revenue for
selling x units is r(x)=4√x and the cost of producing x units is c(x)=2x2
a) The profit p(x)=r(x)−c(x). Write an expression for p(x).
b) Find dpdx and d2pdx2.
c) Hence find the number of units that should be produced in order to maximize
the profit.
(IB Mathematics Standard Level (Oxford University Press) exercise 7Y 5)
解答はこちら
[Reference]
IB Mathematics Standard Level (Oxford IB Diploma Programme 2012)
by Paul La Rondie, Ed Kem, Laurie Buchanan, Jim Fensom, Jill Stevens
Notation for differentiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_for_differentiation
The Notation of Differentiation
http://web.mit.edu/wwmath/calculus/differentiation/notation.html
∂
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%82
How do you pronounce (partial) derivatives?
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/120504/how-do-you-pronounce-partial-derivatives
No comments:
Post a Comment